I. ndabere
Na mkpokọta, ngwaọrụ ọgwụ a na-agba ogwu site na ethylene oxide ma nyochaa ya maka nsị na-aga n'ihu, dị ka ọnụọgụ nke ịtọkụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ahụike nke ndị ahụ metụtara ngwaọrụ ahụike. Ethlene Oxide bụ ihe dị omimi usoro ịda mbà n'obi. Ọ bụrụ na akpọnwụ na anụ ahụ, na-acha uhie uhie na ọzịza ọsọ ọsọ, na-egbu egbu na-apụta mgbe awa ole na ole gasịrị, ma kpọtụrụ kọntaktị na ugboro ugboro nwere ike ime ka a mata. Na-agba mmiri mmiri n'anya nwere ike ime ka corneal ọkụ. Bụrụ na ikpughe obere ego, a pụrụ ịhụ ọrịa akwara na-edozi ahụ. A kọrọ na a na-ahụkarị nnukwu anụ ọhịa bụ 330 mg / n'arọ, na othlene oxide nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego nke amụrụ akwara [1]. A kọrọ ọnụego dị elu nke carcinogenidididity na ọnwụ na-ekpughe na Etlene Oxide. [2-chloroethanol nwere ike ibute akpụkpọ ahụ erythema ma ọ bụrụ na ya na anụahụ; Enwere ike ịmịkọrọ ya na-akpata nsị. Igesụ ọnụ nwere ike igbu. Nkpughe dị ala na-adịghị ala ala nwere ike ibute mmebi sistemụ akwara, usoro obi na ngụgụ. Nsonaazụ nyocha ụlọ na ndị ọzọ na Etylene Glycol kwenyere na ọmịiko ya dị ala. Usoro metabolism na ahụ ya bụ otu ihe ahụ bụ nke ethanol, site na metabolism nke ettanol duhydrogenase, isi acid acid, oxalic acid na lactic acid, nke nwere oke mma. Ya mere, ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ nwere ihe ndị akọwapụtara maka ịbelata mgbe ị na-agbagharị site na itlene oxide. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, GB / T 16886.7-2015 "Nkọwapụta ndu nke ngwaọrụ ọgwụ" nke residus nke Ethlene Oxide na 2-chloroethanol.GB/Ty na-ekwu n'ụzọ doro anya na mgbe ị na-eji ngwa ọgwụ na-agba mmiri site na iji ígwè otlene a kariri. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa mmepụta nke ebe a na-ahụkarị (ethyleety oxide, ethylene glycol) site na mmepụta etlene, mmepụta nke ngwaọrụ ọgwụ, na usoro na-agagharị.
II. Nyochaa nke ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe
A na-ekewa usoro mmepụta nke Ethylene Oxide na usoro chlorohydrin na usoro oxidation. N'etiti ha, usoro Chlorohydrin bụ nke mbụ eylene oxide usoro. Ọ nwere usoro mmeghachi omume abụọ: Nzọụkwụ mbụ: C2H4 + HCLO - Ch2C - Ch2OH; Nzọụkwụ nke abụọ: CH2OH + Cah2 - C2h4O + CACL2 + H2O. Hazie mmeghachi omume ya na ngwaahịa etiti bụ 2-chloroethanol (Ch2cl-Ch2OH). N'ihi teknụzụ azu nke chlorohydrin usoro, jikwa nnukwu mmetọ nke akụrụngwa, ewepụla ọtụtụ ndị nrụpụta [4]. E kewara usoro oxida (3] na-ekewa n'ime ikuku na ụzọ oxygen. Dabere na ịdị ọcha oxygen, mmepụta nke isi nwere usoro mmeghachi omume abụọ: Nzọụkwụ mbụ: 2C2h4 + O2 - 2c2h4o; Nzọụkwụ nke abụọ: C2h4 + 3o2 - 2co2 + H2O. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mmepụta ọrụ nke Ethylene oxide ugbu a, mmepụta ọrụ nke ethylene oxide tumadi nke eji ọla ọcha kexidlene dị ka ihe na-akpata ya. Ya mere, usoro mmepụta nke Ethylene Oxide bụ ihe na-ekpebi nyocha nke 2-chloroethanol mgbe minling.
Na-ezo aka na ndokwa dị mkpa na GB / T 16888.7-2015 Standard iji mezuo nkwenye na mmepe nke etylene oxide oxide, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị ahụ dị na mbụ mgbe ọgwụ ọhụrụ gachara. Ihe eji eme ihe na-emetụta oke ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe, ihe eji eme ihe na iru mmiri, onodu ya, na ihe ndi ozo Ike nke etslene oxide. A kọrọ ya na akwụkwọ [5] na ịta nke Etylene oxide oxide ama dị ka 300mg.l-1. Ihe ndị dị na Ethlene Oxide n'oge ịgba ọgwụ ọnụ ọgụgụ gụnyere: Mgbasantụ nke ngwaọrụ ahụike, hydrolysis n'okpuru ụfọdụ iru mmiri, yana ndị ọzọ. Nta nke 500-600mg.l-1 bụ nke 1 dị irè, belata oriri nke ethlene oxide na ihe ndị na-egbochi ya, na-echekwa ọnụ ahịa mmiri na-agagharị.
Chlorine nwere ọtụtụ ngwa dị na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na-enwe mmekọrịta anyị na anyị. Enwere ike iji ya dị ka etiti, dịka vinyl chloride, ma ọ bụ dị ka ngwaahịa ọgwụ, dịka ịcha ọcha. N'otu oge ahụ, chlorine dịkwa na ikuku, mmiri na gburugburu ndị ọzọ, mmerụ ahụ ahụ mmadụ dịkwa na-apụta ìhè. Ya mere, mgbe ngwaọrụ mkpa ngwaọrụ dị mkpa na-eji ọgwụ otylene, nyocha, mintization na akụkụ ndị ọzọ a ga-ewere iji chịkwaa ego nke 2-chloroethanol.
A kọrọ na akwụkwọ ahụ [6] Na Standard nke GB / T16886.7-2015, nkezi kwa ụbọchị nke 2-chloroethanol nye onye ọrịa ekwesịghị ịdị karịa 9 mg, yana ego ya dị obere na ọkọlọtọ.
Ihe omumu ihe omumu nke Ethroroethanol na 2-chloroethanol bu 53.7 μg-1 maka ntecha na nylon eri . YY 0167-2005 na-ezochi oke nchọpụta maka Etylene Oxide maka sutures ịwa ahụ, enweghịkwa nkwụsi ike maka 2-chloroethanol. Sutures nwere ikike maka nnukwu mmiri ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na usoro mmepụta. Otu ụzọ anọ nke mmiri mmiri anyị bara uru na mpaghara nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ na ahụ, nwere ike ijikọ algae na mmiri, nke ejiri mee ihe na mgbochi ọrịa na ntabi anya . Isi ihe dị mkpa bụ ihe calcium Hypochlorite, nke na-emepụta site na gas chlorine site na elu. A na - adị mfe callylochlorite na ikuku, usoro mmeghachi omume bụ isi bụ: CO (CO (CO (CO) 2 + Co2 + H2O-CACO3 + 2HCO. hypochlorite dị mfe decomposed acid na mmiri n'okpuru ọkụ, usoro mmeghachi omume bụ: 2hclo + ọkụ-2hcl + o2. 2HCL + O2.Clorine na-adịghị mfe na-agbasasị na sugres, na gburugburu na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ ala na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị ike emepe mgbanaka ahụ na-emepụta 2-chloroethanol.
A kọrọ na akwụkwọ ahụ [8] na actoneethography 2-chloronitol na acetone na acetone nwere acetone ma na-ekpebi ya na gas, mana achọpụtaghị ya .8-2008.8-2008 Lens Part 8: Mkpa ihe achọrọ "na-ekwu na ebe obibi nke 2-chloroethanol na IOL ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe karịrị 2.0μg kwa ụbọchị ekwesịghị ịbụ karịa 5.0 GB / T16886. 7-2015 Standard kwuru na ihe mkpuchi ahụ okọcha nke abụọ na-akpata 2-chloroethanol n 'ugboro anọ dị elu karịa nke ahụ na-akpata site n'otu ọkwa etlene.
Na nchịkọta, mgbe ị na-atụle nsị nke ngwaọrụ ọgwụ mgbe ị na-emegharị ya, ethlene oxide na 2-chloroethanol kwesịrị ịdị na-eme nyocha nke ọma dịka ọnọdụ ahụ n'ezie.
N'oge mmịpụta nke ngwaọrụ ọgwụ, ụfọdụ akụrụngwa maka ngwaọrụ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ihe eji eme ihe na-agụnye polyviny chloride monomer (VCM) ga-emepụta site na mpaghara PVC N'oge nhazi.GB10010-2009 ọkpọkọ PVC dị nro na-egosi na ọdịnaya nke VCM enweghị ike gafere 1μg-1. VCM a na-adị mfe polymerized n'okpuru eme ihe nke ihe na-eme ihe (peroxides, wdg) ma ọ bụ ọkụ na-emepụta polyvinyl chloride resin. Vinyl chloride dị mfe polymerized n'okpuru ihe nke ihe na-eme ihe (peroxide, wdg) mepụta polyvinyl chloride resin resin. Mgbe polyvinyl chloride na-ewe iwe dị elu karịa 100 Celsius C ma ọ bụ ekpughere radieshon ultraviolet, enwere ike ịhapụ gas hydrogen Chroride nwere ike ịgbapụ. Mgbe ahụ nchịkọta nke mmanụ hydrogen chloride chloride chloride n'ime ngwugwu ahụ ga-ewepụta ụfọdụ ego 2-chloroethanol.
Ethylene glycol, kwụsie ike na okike, anaghị agbanwe agbanwe. Ọnyànlem atygene ke ethlene oxide na-ebu ụzọ abụọ nke electrons ma nwee hydrophilicity nke elektrọn, nke na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịmepụta ethcol mgbe ịchịkọta ndị na-adịghị mma eyịm. Iji maa atụ: C2H4O + Nacl + H2o - ch2cl - Ch2oHHH. Usoro a na-esighi ike na njedebe na-emecha ma sie ike na njedebe nke ọrụ, na omume a dị ala. Ihe dị elu na-eme bụ usoro nke ethylene glycol oxide na mmiri: C2h4o + H2o - Ch2oh - Ch2Oh - Ch2oh, na hylene oxide na-egbochi ndị na-eme ihe na-adịghị mma.
Ọ bụrụ na a na-ewebata eyszọ chlorine na-adịghị mma na mmepụta, minlization, ụgbọ mmiri, ụgbọ njem, enwere ike oxide oxide ga-emeghachi omume ha na-etolite 2-chloroethanol. Ebe ọ bụ na ewepụla usoro chlorohydrd site na mmepụta usoro, ngwaahịa nke etiti, 2-chloroethanol, agaghị eme na usoro oxidation. Na mmepụta nke ngwaọrụ ọgwụ, ụfọdụ akụrụngwa nwere ihe ngosi Mgbasa ozi nke Etleneety oxide na 2-chloroethanol, yabụ na-atụle ha mgbe m na-enyocha ha mgbe m na-enyocha ya mgbe ọpụpụ. Na mgbakwunye, n'oge nrụpụta ọgwụ, akụrụngwa, ihe mgbakwunye, mmeghachi omume, na-eme ka ọ dị na chloric ma ọ bụ alkaline mara mma, na-aga n'ihu SN2 Mmeghachi omume, na ijikọ na Chlorine free chlorine free chlorine iji mepụta 2-chloroethanol.
Ugbu a, usoro a na-ejikarị ịchọpụta ethylene oxide, 2-chloroethanol na ethylene glycol bụ gas usoro gas. A pụkwara iji usoro eserese nke ETHFEN achọta ya site na iji ihe ngosi ya na-acha uhie uhie na-emetụta ya bụ na ọ bụ eziokwu na ọnọdụ nnwale ahụ, dị ka ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka oge nnwale nke 37 Celsius C na Uche nyocha iji chịkwaa mmeghachi omume nke ethylene glycol, na oge itinye ihe ngwọta a ga-anwale mgbe usoro mmepe agba gachara. Yabụ, nkwenye usoro nhazi (gụnyere izizi, nkenke, usoro dị mma, nghọta, nghọta, wdg) na ụlọ nyocha ruru eru maka nchọpụta nke ịkpụzi.
III. Ntughari uche na usoro nyocha
Etylene oxide, 2-chloroethanol na ethylene glycol na-emekarị mgbe Etlene Oxide oxide oxide oxide akwụkwọ ngwaọrụ. Iji mezue ndọpụta ihe ndozi, iwebata ihe bekee dị mkpa na mmepụta na nchekwa nke ethlene oxide, mmepụta na igba ogwu nke a ga-atụle.
E nwere nsogbu abụọ ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ilekwasị anya na nyocha ngwaọrụ nyocha ngwaọrụ: 1. Ma ọ dị mkpa iji nweta nnwale nke ịgbapu nke 2-chloroethanol. N'ime mmepụta nke Etylene oxide, ọ bụrụ na ejiri usoro ọdịnala chlorohydrd, ọ bụ ezie na a ga-anabata ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe, a ga-enwerịrị ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe dị n'etiti 2-chloroethanol ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, na ego ya kwesịrị ịtụle. Ọ bụrụ na eji usoro oxida na-eji, enweghị mmeghe nke 2-chloroethanol, mana ihe ndị na-enweghị atụ, na-elelị, wdg na usoro mmeghachi omume Ethylene. Ngwaọrụ ọgwụ na-eji nnukwu mmiri ụlọ ọrụ na mmepụta, yana ụfọdụ ego na-adịghị mma na-agbaso ọnụ ahịa nke 2-chloroethanol dị iche iche. Enwere ọnọdụ na akụrụngwa nke ngwaọrụ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-eji nnu ma ọ bụ ihe dị mfe iji belata ma ọ dịghị mfe imebi ma ihe ọghọm nke 2-chloroethanol A ga-anwale ndọtị maka ntule, ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ezigbo akaebe iji gosi na ọ gaghị adị ala karịa nchọpụta nke usoro nchọta ahụ, enwere ike ileghara anya iji chịkwaa ya. 2. Maka nyocha nke Etcol Glycol nyocha nke ndozi. Atụnyere Etylene Oxide na 2-chloroethanol, newepụta kọntaktị nke etylene gooxide na mmiri na-adịkarị mfe iwepụta ethylene glycol, na Ọdịnaya nke ethylene glycol mgbe minglol dị ọcha nke Ethylene Oxi, ya mere, a ga-atụle ya na ọnọdụ iru mmiri, a ga-atụle nke ọma na ọnọdụ ahụ . Ntule.
Ụkpụrụ bụ otu n'ime ngwaọrụ maka nyocha teknụzụ, teknụzụ nke ngwaọrụ eji echekwa na mmepe, mmepụta, iji na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke nyocha ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ihe Nchekwa na arụmọrụ nke ozizi na omume ya, dabere na sayensị, kama ịtụgharị aka na ọnọdụ nke atụmatụ ngwaahịa, nyocha na mmepe, mmepụta na iji. Nyocha ahụ kwesịrị ị paya ntị na sistemụ ngwaọrụ mmepụta ahụike maka njikwa njikọ dị mkpa, n'otu oge na saịtị ahụ na saịtị ahụ na-eme ka "anya" Meziwanye akara nke nyocha, nzube nke nyocha sayensị.
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Oge Post: Sepp-21-2023